Portugal

Art 5 Lei 37/81 — adoção plena by PT national confers nationality. Statutory anchor: Art 5 Lei 37/81. Cohorts: foreign minors fully-adopted by PT national(s).

Foundling — child found of unknown parents in Portuguese territory. Statutory anchor: Art 1(2) Lei 37/81. Cohorts: children found in PT territory of unknown parents.

Stateless child — born in PT territory without other nationality claim. Statutory anchor: Art 1(1)(g) Lei 37/81. Cohorts: children born in PT to stateless parents or would-be stateless.

2nd-generation jus soli — child born in PT to foreign parent(s) with ≥1y legal residence. Statutory anchor: Art 1(1)(f) Lei 37/81 (as amended by Lei Orgânica 2/2020). Cohorts: 2nd-gen immigrants, children of foreign residents.

Born abroad to PT parent serving Portuguese State. Statutory anchor: Art 1(1)(c) Lei 37/81. Cohorts: children of diplomatic + military personnel.

Descent by parent — no generational limit (current). Statutory anchor: Art 1(1)(a-b) Lei 37/81. Cohorts: children of PT nationals worldwide, including PALOP descendants with PT parent.

Sephardic Jewish descendants — 2015-09-28 → 2018-07-04 attestation-only regime. Statutory anchor: Art 6(7) Lei 37/81 (added by Lei Orgânica 9/2015). Cohorts: Sephardic Jewish descendants with CIL/CIP attestation.

Sephardic Jewish descendants — 2018-07-05 → 2020-11-09 documentary burden regime. Statutory anchor: Art 6(7) Lei 37/81 (as amended by Lei Orgânica 2/2018). Cohorts: Sephardic Jewish descendants with attestation + objective documentary evidence.

Sephardic Jewish descendants — 2020-11-10 → 2024-03-31 effective-link regime (DL 26/2022). Statutory anchor: Art 6(7) Lei 37/81 + Decreto-Lei 26/2022 (Art 24-A Regulamento 237-A/2006) — NOT 'Lei Orgânica 2/2022' (kickoff fabrication). Cohorts: Sephardic Jewish descendants with effective-link (residence OR patrimonial/cultural).

Sephardic Jewish descendants — 2024-04-01 → present, 3y residence + Evaluation Committee. Statutory anchor: Art 6(7) + Art 6(13) Lei 37/81 (added by Lei Orgânica 1/2024). Cohorts: Sephardic Jewish descendants with 3y PT residence + Evaluation Committee homologation.

Pre-1981 descent — historical Lei 2098 cohort + post-1981 remedial. Statutory anchor: Lei 2098/1959 (pre-1981) + Art 8 Lei 37/81 (remedial). Cohorts: pre-1981 gender-discriminated descendants, pre-1974 women-married-foreigners auto-loss.

Sephardic pathway pending CLOSURE — 2026-04-01 decree awaiting Seguro. Statutory anchor: pending: 2026-04-01 Assembleia da República decree (awaiting presidential promulgation). Cohorts: Sephardic Jewish descendants (NEW applicants would be excluded if decree promulgates).

PALOP (Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé, East Timor) 1975 retention/declaration. Statutory anchor: Decreto-Lei 308-A/75 de 24 JUNHO 1975 (NOT 24 dezembro as kickoff fabrication). Cohorts: continental-PT-born, ultramar-born pre-independence, naturalizados, foreign-born with PT-continental/islands parents, Antigo Estado da Índia declarants.

Macau-born PT nationals — pre-1999 jus soli + post-1999 choice framework. Statutory anchor: Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration 1987-04-13 + NPC SC Interpretation 1998-12-29 + Lei 1/76 (Estatuto Orgânico de Macau). Cohorts: Macau-born pre-1981-10-02 PT-originários, Macanese PT-nationals choosing PT over Chinese citizenship post-handover.

Pre-1961 Goa/Daman/Diu-born PT-originários + anti-fraud documentation rules. Statutory anchor: Lei 2098/1959 + DL 308-A/75 Art 1(e) (Antigo Estado da Índia) + DL 113/2010 (anti-fraud). Cohorts: pre-1961 Goa/Daman/Diu-born by jus soli, descendants pursuing DSC via Goa-born ascendants.

East Timor 1975→2002 historical framework (independence 1975-11-28 → PT recognition 2002-05-20). Statutory anchor: DL 308-A/75 + East Timor Lei da Nacionalidade 2002 + bilateral cooperation. Cohorts: East-Timorese PT-nationals maintaining status, dual PT-TL nationals.

Art 3 Lei 37/81 — 3y marriage + A2 CEFR language. Statutory anchor: Art 3 Lei 37/81 (as amended by Leis Orgânicas 2/2006 + 2/2018 + 1/2024) + Portaria 176/2014 (A2 CEFR). Cohorts: spouses of PT nationals (married ≥3y), união de facto partners with stability evidence.

PT has no active military-service nationality pathway. Statutory anchor: no dedicated statute. Cohorts: historical FAP/Marinha/Exército service treated as integration factor under Art 9 discretion.

Art 6(1) Lei 37/81 — 5y residence (Lei Orgânica 1/2024). Statutory anchor: Art 6(1) Lei 37/81 (as amended by Lei Orgânica 1/2024). Cohorts: non-CPLP foreign nationals with 5y continuous legal residence in PT.

Art 6(2) Lei 37/81 — CPLP + Brazil bilateral preferential 5y residence. Statutory anchor: Art 6(2) Lei 37/81 + Estatuto de Igualdade (Tratado Porto Seguro 2000). Cohorts: Brazil via Estatuto de Igualdade, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea (CPLP).

Art 6(6) Lei 37/81 — minor children collective-effect naturalisation. Statutory anchor: Art 6(6) + Art 14 Lei 37/81 (as amended by Lei Orgânica 1/2024). Cohorts: minor children of naturalising parents, foundling minors.

Pending Art 6(1) 10y regime — awaiting 2026 decree promulgation. Statutory anchor: pending: 2026-04-01 Assembleia da República decree. Cohorts: if promulgated: non-CPLP non-EU applicants subject to 10y.

Art 4 Lei 37/81 — former PT nationals reacquisition by declaration. Statutory anchor: Art 4 Lei 37/81. Cohorts: former PT nationals who lost nationality under prior regimes, post-1975 PALOP-era denationalised.

Pre-1974 auto-loss restoration — Lei 2098/1959 auto-loss remediation. Statutory anchor: Art 4 Lei 37/81 + Art 13 CRP 1976 (equality remedial). Cohorts: women who lost PT nationality by marrying foreigners pre-1974, pre-1974 foreign-naturalisation auto-loss cohort.

Tratado Porto Seguro 2000 Estatuto de Igualdade — Portuguese-Brazilian reciprocal. Statutory anchor: Tratado Porto Seguro 2000-04-22 (DL 154/2003) — SUPERSEDES Convenção 1971. Cohorts: Brazilian nationals with PT residence, PT nationals with Brazil residence (reciprocal).

CPLP Mobility Agreement (Luanda 2021) — facilitated Lusophone migration. Statutory anchor: CPLP Mobility Agreement 2021-07-17 + RAR 313/2021. Cohorts: CPLP nationals (Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea).