Canada

Born in Canada after 1977-02-14; diplomatic-child exception under s.3(2) where neither parent was citizen or PR

First-generation / substantial-connection limits in s.3(3) do NOT apply to children born abroad where a parent (or grandparent) was employed with Canadian Armed Forces, federal public administration, or provincial public service, otherwise than as a locally-engaged person.

Citizen immediately before 1977-02-15 under CCA 1946 regime, OR born abroad pre-1977 to Canadian-citizen parent, OR pre-2009-04-17 grantees who would have been citizens under (g)

Persons born before 2025-12-15 who would have been citizens but for the first-generation limit or other outdated rules; includes deceased-parent cases under new s.3(1.5). Central Bill C-3 remedial category.

Status Indian registration under Indian Act R.S.C. 1985 c. I-5 s.6 — parallel to but NOT substitute for Canadian citizenship. Jay Treaty Art III rights for Haudenosaunee + cross-border First Nations. Métis/Inuit constitutional recognition per Daniels v Canada 2016 SCC 12.

Minister's discretionary grant in cases of special/unusual hardship, service of exceptional value to Canada, or other compelling circumstances. Used as interim Bjorkquist remedy 2023-12-19 to 2025-12-14.